Geography


    Πηγή: This image is credited to Dinamik. Reshared via the licenseCC BY-SA 3.0

    Area: 9,251 sq km
    Coastline: 648 km
    Terrain: Central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered, but significant plains along the southern coast
    Highest point: Mount Olympus 1,951 m
    Climate: Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
    Geographical population distribution: population concentrated in central Nicosia and in the major cities of the south: Paphos, Limassol, and Larnaca
    Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

    Demographics

    Population: 1,370,754 (2025)

    Annual population growth: 0.92% (2025)

    Population age distribution (2025)
    0-14 – 17%
    15-64 – 69%

    65+ – 14%

    Fertility rate (children per woman): 1.4 (2025)

    Birth rate (births per 1000 people): 10.1 (2025)

    Death rate (deaths per 1000 people): 7 (2019)

    Median age: 38.6 years (2025)

    Life expectancy (years): 82 years (2025)
    Men – 80 years

    Women – 83.9 years

    Net migration: 7,750 (2024)

    Languages: Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6% (2011)

    Religious groups: Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite, Armenian Church, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011)

    Ethnic groups: Greek 98.8%, Maronite 0.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Turkish Cypriot 0.2%, Latin 0.03%, unspecified 0.17% (2011)



    Note: It is clarified that the above data refer to the population in the areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus. There is no confirmed data regarding the exact population of the Turkish Cypriots, who currently reside in the areas occupied by Turkey and who initially accounted for 18% of the total population of Cyprus.

    Economy

    GDP: $30.5 billion (2024)

    GDP per capita: $32,000 (2024)

    Annual GDP growth rate: +3.4% to +3.7% (2024)

    Public debt (% of GDP): 65.3% (2024)

    Inflation: 2.3% (2024)

    Unemployment: ~4.9% (2024)

    Imports: ~$13.42 billion (2024)
    Major import partners (% of total imports – 2014): Greece (~26%), China (~8.5%), Italy (~8.3%)

    Exports: $4.12 billion (2024)
    Major export partners (% of total exports – 2024): EU (37%), Africa (35%), Asia (25%)

    Global Competitiveness Report (World Economic Forum)
    66.4/100 Rank 44/69 (2025)

    Index of Economic Freedom (Heritage Foundation)
    72.2/100 (2025)

    Income Inequality Index (Gini – World Bank)
    30.1% (2024)

    Prosperity Index (Legatum Institute)
    71.5/100 (2025)

    Military Power

    Active Personnel: 15,000 (2021)

    Defence expenditure (% GDP): 1.8% (2020)

    Politics and Government

    System of Government: Presidential Republic

    President: Nikos Christodoulides (elected in 2023)
    Next elections: The presidential elections will be held in 2023.

    Executive branch: The President is the head of the executive branch and the head of state. He is elected for a five-year term and may serve up to two consecutive terms. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the President.

    Legislative branch: House of Representatives with 56 seats since 1963, only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled. Members serve five-year terms.

    Most recent elections: 30 May 2021

    Parliamentary parties (seats): DISY (17), AKEL (15), DIKO (9), EDEK (4), DIPA (4), ELAM (3), KOSP (3), Independents (1)

    Party/coalition vote share distribution: DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DIPA 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, others 14.6%

    Rule of Law – Human Rights

    Corruption Perceptions Index (Transparency International)
    56/100 (2025 – Rank 46/180)

    Rule of Law Index (World Justice Project)
    0.67/1 (2025 – Rank 31/142)

    Global Terrorism Index (Institute for Economics & Peace)
    0.35/10 (2025 – Rank ~80–85/163)

    Fragile States Index (Fund For Peace)
    54.1/120 (2025 – Rank 90/179)

    Democracy Index (Economist Intelligence Unit)
    7.38/10 (2025 – Rank 40/167)

    Press Freedom Index (Reporters Without Borders)
    59.04/100 (2025 – Rank 77/180)

    Freedom in the World Index (Freedom House)
    91/100 (2025)

    *The above figures refer to the territory under the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus, which is the only recognised state in Cyprus, a member of the United Nations and the European Union. The figures come from the official database of the Republic of Cyprus Statistical Service. It is noted that after the illegal Turkish invasion of 1974, 36.4% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus remains under Turkish occupation. Since 1983, the self-proclaimed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" is not recognised by any other state, apart from Turkey.